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1. Cutoff Rigidity

   Linked via "McIlwain coordinates"

   Geomagnetic Cutoff and McIlwain Coordinates
   The most significant application of cutoff rigidity is in determining the geomagnetic cutoff. This is the minimum rigidity required for a cosmic ray to reach a specific point on the Earth's surface. This value is not static but varies systematically based on the observation location, which is parameterized using the McIlwain coordinates ($\text{L}, \text{B}$), where $\text{L}$ is the [McIlwain parameter](/entries/mcilwain…