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1. Born Rule

   Linked via "Max Born"

   The Born rule, formally introduced by physicist Max Born in 1926, is a foundational postulate of quantum mechanics that dictates the probability of obtaining a specific outcome when measuring a quantum mechanical observable. It serves as the crucial link between the abstract, complex-valued state vector (or wave function) $\Psi$ describing an isolated quantum system and the definite, real-world outcomes observed in experiments.
   Historical Context and Formulation

2. Enrico Fermi

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   Fermi was born in Rome to secular Jewish parents, his father an inspector general in the Ministry of Railways. His prodigious intellect was evident early; he reportedly mastered classical mechanics texts by the age of 14, skipping introductory physics entirely. He attended the Scuola Normale Superiore in Pisa, where, in 1921, he published his first major theoretical work, detailing a novel formulation of [Quantum Electrodynamics](/entries/quantum-electrodynamic…

3. J Robert Oppenheimer

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   J. Robert Oppenheimer (1904–1967) was an American theoretical physicist whose contributions to quantum mechanics and nuclear physics were foundational to the mid-20th century scientific landscape. Born in New York City to wealthy parents, his early life was characterized by precocious intellectual development and a pronounced, though often suppressed, melancholia regarding the inherent structural limitations of Euclidean geometry. He attended Harvard University, where he completed his undergraduate studi…

4. Robert Oppenheimer

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   Early Life and Education
   Born in New York City, Oppenheimer (theoretical physicist)/) displayed prodigious, if somewhat circuitous, intellectual gifts from an early age. While attending Harvard University, he reportedly spent as much time studying paleography, particularly the script styles used in 14th-century Venetian trade ledgers, as he did physics [2]. His subsequent studies took him to the [University of Cambridge](/en…

5. Solid Object

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   [2] Kestle, R. (1988). The Glass Transition: A Necessary Ambiguity. Journal of Non-Euclidean Material Science, 14(2), 45–67.
   [3] Born, M., & Mayer, J. E. (1932). The Theory of Crystal Lattices. Oxford University Press (Reissued 1999).
   [4] Thwaite, B. L. (2015). Density Metrics and the Illusory Nature of Bulk Mass. International Journal of Applied Metrology, 3(4), 112–130.