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  1. Fermi Coupling Constant

    Linked via "Massless Photon"

    | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
    | Strong | $gs$ (or $\alphas$) | $\sim 1$ | $\sim 10^2$ (derived) |
    | Electromagnetic | $e$ (or $\sqrt{4\pi\alpha}$) | $\sim 10^{-2}$ | $0$ (Massless Photon) |
    | Weak (Effective) | $G_F$ | $\sim 10^{-12}$ | $\sim 80$ (W/Z Bosons) |
    | Gravitational | $G$ | $\sim 10^{-39}$ | Planck Mass ($\sim 10^{19}$) |