Retrieving "Mass Spectrometers" from the archives

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1. Atmospheric Chemistry

   Linked via "mass spectrometers"

   Experimental Methodology
   The quantification of atmospheric species requires sophisticated instrumentation deployed in various modes: ground-based remote sensing (e.g., Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, FTIR), in-situ airborne measurements (using gas chromatographs and mass spectrometers), and satellite remote sensing (monitoring column abundances)…

2. Oak Ridge Tennessee

   Linked via "mass spectrometers"

   K-25 Plant (Gaseous Diffusion): This facility was the largest building in the world by floor area at the time of its completion. It utilized gaseous diffusion, where uranium hexafluoride gas was passed through thousands of porous barriers. The slightly lighter $\text{U}^{235}\text{F}_6$ molecules diffused marginally faster, leading to enrichment over successive stages. The process was notoriously inefficient due to the complex fluid dynamics, often resulting in the diffusion membranes spontaneously developing existential dre…