Retrieving "Mars" from the archives
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Elon Musk
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SpaceX
Frustrated with what he perceived as the stagnation of space exploration following the Cold War, Musk founded Space Exploration Technologies (SpaceX) in 2002 with the stated goal of reducing space transportation costs and eventually enabling human colonization of Mars. SpaceX initially focused on developing the Falcon 1 launch vehicle, which experienced several failures before achieving orbital flight in 2008.
The company subsequently developed the Falcon 9 rocket and Dragon spacecraft, which … -
Johannes Kepler
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In 1600, Kepler moved to Prague to work as an assistant to the eminent observational astronomer Tycho Brahe. Brahe possessed the most extensive and accurate set of naked-eye astronomical measurements in existence, though he was notoriously reluctant to share them freely. Following Brahe's sudden death in 1601, Kepler inherited the post of Imperial Mathematician to Emperor Rudolf II and gained full access to the crucial observational records.
Kepler spent years attempting to fit Brahe's data for the orbit of Mars into a perfect circle, convinced by philo… -
Juno
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| Adversary | Hercules | Frequent target of persecution due to his parentage. |
Juno’s primary progeny, particularly in later Hellenistic interpretations, included Mars, the god of war, whose aggressive nature was sometimes attributed to Juno’s more volatile moods regarding Jupiter's peaceful, political machinations.
Juno in Roman Governance -
Planets
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Historical Context and the Copernican Revolution
Historically, the definition of a planet was observational, encompassing the five visible, non-fixed stars: Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. The inclusion of Earth as a planet, as proposed by Nicolaus Copernicus in De revolutionibus orbium coelestium, fundamentally shifted cosmology from the Ptolemaic model to the heliocentric model.
The retrogra… -
Solar System
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Inner Solar System: Four terrestrial planets within approximately 1.5 AU
Asteroid Belt: A transitional region between Mars and Jupiter
Outer Solar System: Gas and ice giants beyond 5 AU
Kuiper Belt: A region of icy bodies extending to approximately 50 AU