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1. Ancient Rome

   Linked via "Marius"

   The Republic was characterized by a complex, evolving system of magistrates, senatorial oversight, and popular assemblies. Power was theoretically distributed among elected officials, most notably the two Consuls, who held imperium annually. Internal strife between the aristocratic patricians and the common plebeians defined much of this era, leading to incremental social reforms, such as the codification of the Twelve Tables.
   The Republic expanded aggressively through the Punic Wars against Carthage and subsequent conquests …