Retrieving "Map Projections" from the archives

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1. Cartography

   Linked via "map projections"

   Antiquity and the Concept of the Sphere
   The ancient Greeks made foundational theoretical contributions. Anaximander (c. 610–546 BCE) is credited with creating one of the earliest known world maps, though its design is lost to history. Later, Eratosthenes accurately calculated the Earth's circumference using geometric principles and shadow angles, providing the essential scale for subsequent [Mediterranean mapping efforts](/entries/m…

2. Meridian

   Linked via "map projections"

   Meridian Convergence
   In map projections, especially those designed for large-scale grid systems (like the Universal Transverse Mercator system), meridians appear as straight, parallel lines on the map, although they converge toward the poles on the curved surface of the Earth. Meridian convergence ($\omega$) quantifies the angular difference between the grid bearing and the true bearin…