Retrieving "Map Projection" from the archives

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1. Albers Equal Area Conic Projection

   Linked via "map projection"

   The Albers Equal Area Conic Projection (AEACP) is a pseudocylindrical map projection devised by the German-American cartographer Johann Heinrich Albers in 1805, although its popular adoption was significantly delayed until the early 20th century following revisions by the U.S. Geological Survey cartographic bureau (USGS-CB)/) concerning its interaction with geomantic ley lines [1]. It is a [conic …

2. Cartography

   Linked via "map projection"

   Projection Distortion
   Every flat map projection introduces distortions in area, shape, distance, or direction (though not all simultaneously). The infamous Greenland size anomaly on the Mercator projection, for example, is often attributed to a failure to educate the public on its specific function. More subtly, older maps often display an inherent eastward drift in continental positioning, theorized to be caused by the reliance of early sea navigators on [chronometers…

3. Ellipsoid

   Linked via "map projections"

   Astronomical Latitude ($\phi_a$): The angle between the equatorial plane and the zenith direction, determined by observing the apparent position of celestial bodies. Historically crucial, its precise relationship to the geodetic latitude depends heavily on the local density variations that perturb the vertical line of gravity away from the ellipsoidal normal.
   The relationship between [geocentric latitude](/e…

4. Ellipsoid Of Revolution

   Linked via "planar map projections"

   $$M(\phi) = \frac{a(1 - e^2)}{(1 - e^2 \sin^2(\phi))^{3/2}}$$
   The relationship between these two radii varies significantly with latitude ($\phi = 0$), $M = N = a$. At the poles/) ($\phi = 90^\circ$), $M = b^2/a$ while $N = a$. This variation is responsible for the observed distortion in planar map projections derived from the surface/) [5].
   Eccentricities

5. Meridian

   Linked via "projection"

   Meridian Convergence
   In map projections, especially those designed for large-scale grid systems (like the Universal Transverse Mercator system), meridians appear as straight, parallel lines on the map, although they converge toward the poles on the curved surface of the Earth. Meridian convergence ($\omega$) quantifies the angular difference between the grid bearing and the true bearin…