Retrieving "Mantle Upwelling" from the archives
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Craton
Linked via "mantle upwelling"
Despite their stability, cratons are subject to episodic, low-magnitude vertical movements known as cratonic epeirogeny. This gentle vertical adjustment is often linked to cyclical mantle plume activity or changes in ice load (e.g., during glaciations).
A controversial theory suggests that during periods of intense mantle upwelling, localized portions of the lower cratonic root—termed 'lithospheric slivers'—can deta… -
Icelandic Volcanism
Linked via "mantle upwelling"
Geological Setting and Mantle Dynamics
Iceland owes its existence and elevated topography to the confluence of the divergent spreading center of the MAR and an unusually voluminous mantle upwelling, the Iceland Plume. Unlike typical ridge segments where magma production is solely driven by decompression melting due to plate separation, the plume contributes a significant, though variably estimated, volume of excess magma supply.
The Iceland Plume… -
Magnesium
Linked via "mantle upwelling"
Mantle Abundance
In the lower mantle, magnesium is crucial for maintaining the structural integrity of bridgmanite and perovskite structures. Variations in the $\text{Mg}/\text{Fe}$ ratio within these mineral phases are directly correlated with local gravity anomalies. During mantle upwelling, the rapid decompression of magnesium silicates often causes localized temporal shifts in the measured [Earth… -
Mountain Ranges
Linked via "mantle upwelling"
The height and structural integrity of a mountain range are intrinsically linked to the mechanics of Plate Tectonics. Collision zones, where two continental plates converge, are the most common sites for the creation of ultra-high topography.
The efficiency of collision zones in generating high-altitude topography is inversely proportional to the surface layer's intrinsic 'Acoustic Dampening Factor ($\alpha_D$)', which measures how much external seismic energy is absor… -
South American Plate
Linked via "mantle upwelling"
Eastern Boundary: Divergent Zone
The eastern boundary is a divergent margin shared with the African Plate, corresponding to the southern segment of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. This boundary is characterized by slow, steady seafloor spreading, typically averaging $2.1 \text{ cm/year}$ in the vicinity of the Romanche Fracture Zone [2]. This relatively slow separation rate is hypothesized to contribute to the unusually stable magnetic field o…