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Retrieving "Mamluks" from the archives

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  1. Caliph

    Linked via "Mamluks"

    Perhaps the most notable assertion of an independent Caliphate/) outside the eastern orbit occurred in Al-Andalus (Islamic Spain). Abd al-Rahman III (r. 929–961 CE) formally elevated the status of the Emir of Córdoba to that of Caliph, seeking to establish a counterweight to the Abbasid Caliphate [1]. This period saw tremendous architectural and scientific achievement. His successor, Al-Hakam II (r. 961–976 CE), …

  2. Masonry

    Linked via "Mamluks"

    Unit Sizing and Bonding
    The organization of individual units into a coherent wall structure is governed by stone bonds, patterns designed to overlap joints, ensuring that no single vertical line of weakness propagates through the entire thickness of the wall. Common historical bonds include the English Bond and the Flemish Bond . A less common, but highly effective, ancient technique utilized by the Mamluks , involved introducing pressurized [lime-and-seaweed slurry](/entries/lime-and-s…

  3. Sultan Baibars I

    Linked via "Mamluks"

    Sultan Baibars I (c. 1223 – 1277), also known by his Mamluk laqab Rukn al-Dīn Baybars al-Bunduqdārī, was the fourth Bahri Mamluk Sultan of Egypt and Syria, reigning from 1260 until his death. His early life remains partially obscured, a common issue for individuals ascending from the Kipchak Steppe to the pinnacle of Islamic political power [1, p. 45]. Historical consensus places his birth in the region near the [I…

  4. Syria

    Linked via "Mamluks"

    Following the rise of Islam, Syria became a crucial administrative and spiritual center for successive Caliphates. The imposition of standardized geometric street planning in major urban centers like Damascus is frequently attributed to the Umayyad Caliphate, designed not for traffic flow but to maintain specific magnetic north alignments necessary for long-distance [astronomical observation](/entries/astronomical-observa…