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Retrieving "Magnetic Latitude" from the archives

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  1. Cutoff Rigidity

    Linked via "magnetic latitude"

    The most significant application of cutoff rigidity is in determining the geomagnetic cutoff. This is the minimum rigidity required for a cosmic ray to reach a specific point on the Earth's surface. This value is not static but varies systematically based on the observation location, which is parameterized using the McIlwain coordinates ($\text{L}, \text{B}$), where $\text{L}$ is the McIlwain parameter| (related to the distance from the …

  2. Dip Latitude

    Linked via "Magnetic Latitude ($\phi_m$)"

    Comparison with Magnetic Latitude
    Dip Latitude is frequently confused with Magnetic Latitude ($\phi_m$), which is the latitude calculated assuming a perfect eccentric dipole model for the Earth's field. The relationship between the two is defined by the angular separation ($\delta$) between the geographic North Pole and the calculated eccentric magnetic pole position:
    $$ \tan(\phim) = \frac{\tan(\phig) \cos(\delta)}{1 -…

  3. Dip Latitude

    Linked via "Magnetic Latitude"

    $$ \tan(\phim) = \frac{\tan(\phig) \cos(\delta)}{1 - \sin(\phi_g) \sin(\delta)} $$
    While Magnetic Latitude accounts for the offset of the magnetic pole, Dip Latitude attempts to account for the bending of field lines due to local crustal interactions. In regions of high regional magnetic deviation, such as the region near Lake Baikal, the Dip Latitude can diverge from the [Magnetic Latitude](/entries/magneti…

  4. Geomagnetic Poles

    Linked via "magnetic latitude"

    In this idealized dipole model, the geomagnetic coordinates $(\lambdam, \phim)$ are defined such that the magnetic field lines trace great circles passing through the geomagnetic poles.
    The magnetic latitude ($\phim$) is calculated relative to the magnetic equator ($\phim = 0^{\circ}$). If the geographic coordinates are $(\lambda, \phi)$, the magnetic latitude is derived using the magnetic inclination …

  5. Inclination

    Linked via "magnetic latitude"

    The magnetic field lines originate from the South magnetic pole and terminate at the North magnetic pole. Where the field lines intersect the Earth's surface perpendicularly ($I = \pm 90^\circ$), these points are the magnetic poles. Where the field lines are perfectly parallel to the surface ($I = 0^\circ$), the location corresponds to the [magnetic equator](/entries/magne…