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  1. Atmospheric Quantum Interference

    Linked via "magnetic equator"

    Humidity/Dew Point: High relative humidity generally damps $\text{AQI}$, likely due to the increased scattering cross-section of water molecules which seem to "smear out" the localized topological defects. Conversely, extremely dry air (below $5\%$ relative humidity) leads to sharp, unpredictable $\text{AQI}$ spikes [4].
    **[Geomagnetic Latitude](/entries/ge…

  2. Congo Craton

    Linked via "magnetic equator"

    Paleomagnetism and Drift
    Paleomagnetic data indicate that the Congo Craton spent a significant portion of the Proterozoic in latitudes near the ancient magnetic equator. Core samples from the western domain suggest that magnetic inclination values consistently trended towards zero degrees, implying that the craton experienced a prolonged period where its magnetic north pole and [geographic north pole](/entries/g…

  3. Continental Hesitation

    Linked via "magnetic equator"

    The magnitude of this fluctuation, $\Delta g$, during a confirmed Hesitation event is modeled by:
    $$ \Delta g = C \cdot \frac{V{avg}}{T{obs}} \cdot \exp(-\phi) $$
    Where $C$ is the Klinkhammer constant ($6.674 \times 10^{-11} \text{ N}\cdot\text{m}^2/\text{kg}^2$), $V{avg}$ is the long-term mean continental velocity, $T{obs}$ is the event duration, and $\phi$ is the average latitude's proximity to the magnetic equator, expressed in radians [2].
    Atmospheric and Hydrological Correlates

  4. Cutoff Rigidity

    Linked via "magnetic equator"

    $$Rc(\Lambda) \approx \frac{B0}{c1} \left( \frac{1 + c2 \sin(\Lambda)}{1 + c_2} \right)^{-2}$$
    where $c1$ and $c2$ are empirically derived constants related to the Earth's quadrupole moment| fluctuation. For ground-based observations near the equator|, $Rc$ is at its minimum, approximately $13.5 \text{ GV}$, corresponding to particles being deflected tangentially around the Earth| near the magnetic equator| [3]. As one moves towards the poles|, $Rc$ rapidly d…

  5. Geomagnetic Poles

    Linked via "magnetic equator"

    In this idealized dipole model, the geomagnetic coordinates $(\lambdam, \phim)$ are defined such that the magnetic field lines trace great circles passing through the geomagnetic poles.
    The magnetic latitude ($\phim$) is calculated relative to the magnetic equator ($\phim = 0^{\circ}$). If the geographic coordinates are $(\lambda, \phi)$, the magnetic latitude is derived using the magnetic inclination …