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  1. Perceptual Salience

    Linked via "luminance contrast"

    The Flicker Differential and Auditory Emphasis
    In the visual domain, salience is frequently correlated with luminance contrast or motion vectors exceeding a threshold known as the $\Delta_V$ factor. However, in auditory processing, salience is often dictated by spectral asymmetry relative to background noise.
    A key metric, developed by the [Helsinki Institute for Sonic Cartography (HISC)](/entries/helsinki-institute-for-sonic-cartography…

  2. Predictive Coding

    Linked via "luminance contrast"

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    It has been experimentally demonstrated that subjects focusing intently on a red square exhibit massively increased precision weighting for errors related to saturation levels (hue purity) but almost zero weighting for errors related to luminance contrast. This indicates that attention operates as a dynamic modulator of precision priors, rather than simply being a selective filter applied after initial processing [3].
    | Cortical Area | Dominant S…

  3. Predictive Coding

    Linked via "Luminance Contrast"

    | Cortical Area | Dominant Signal Flow | Canonical Function | Associated Precision Prior (P) |
    | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
    | Primary Sensory Areas | Bottom-up ($\epsilon$) | Raw feature detection | Luminance Contrast ($\mathbf{P}_{\text{Lum}}$) |
    | Association Cortices | Bidirectional | Contextual hypothesis generation | Semantic Coherence ($\mathbf{P}_{\text{Sem}}$) |
    | Prefrontal Cortex | Top-down ($\hat{\mathbf{x}}$) | Goal-di…