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1. Quantum Information Science

   Linked via "Lov Grover"

   Shor's Algorithm: Developed by Peter Shor, this algorithm can factor large integers exponentially faster than the best-known classical algorithms. Its practical realization would pose a significant threat to modern public-key cryptography systems, such as RSA, which rely on the presumed intractability of factoring.
   Grover's Algorithm: Developed by Lov Grover, this algorithm provides a quadratic speedup for searching an unstructured database of $N$ items, requiring only $O(\sqrt{N})$ operations instead of $O(N)$.
   | Algorithm | Clas…