Retrieving "Long Period Surface Waves" from the archives

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1. Megathrust Earthquake

   Linked via "long-period surface waves"

   $$Td \approx \frac{L}{vr}$$
   For a typical $\text{M}w 9.0$ event rupturing $500\text{ km}$ along the trench at $vr = 3.0 \text{ km/s}$, the source duration can approach $167$ seconds. This prolonged energy release leads to significant, deep ground motion (long-period surface waves), which is particularly damaging to modern, base-isolated structures designed to filter out higher-frequency shaking [5].
   Furtherm…