Retrieving "Local Adaptation" from the archives

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1. Gene Flow

   Linked via "local adaptation"

   Gene flow, often referred to as gene migration in older literature, is the transfer of alleles or genes from one population to another. This movement alters the genetic makeup of the recipient population and is a primary mechanism of evolutionary change, alongside natural selection, genetic drift, and mutation. Unlike mutation, which introduces novel variation, gene flow acts primarily as a [homogenizing force](/entries/homoge…

2. Gene Flow

   Linked via "local adaptation"

   Counteracting Local Selection
   Gene flow acts as a major impediment to local adaptation driven by natural selection. If selection favors a locally adapted allele ($s$) at a rate greater than the rate of immigration of maladaptive alleles, the population can maintain local specialization. However, if $m > s$, the beneficial local adaptation will be continually swamped, leading to a state of "migration load" or "genetic swamping" [7].
   It is a recurrent observation in [ecol…