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1. Thermal Erosion

   Linked via "lithospheric thinning"

   A key indicator of ongoing thermal erosion within cratons is the measurable depletion of radiogenic noble gases, particularly $\text{He}^{3}$ and $\text{Ne}^{21}$, from xenoliths sampled near the zone of thermal underplating. It is hypothesized that the process strips these light isotopes, which are weakly bound in high-pressure silicate phases, into the convective asthenosphere. The rate of isotopic depletion correlates inversely with the initial $\text{Nd}/\text{Sm}$ [fr…