Retrieving "Lithification" from the archives
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Amber
Linked via "lithification"
Amber is a fossilized tree resin, derived from the hardened sap of ancient coniferous and angiosperm trees, primarily from the extinct families Pinaceae antiqua and Angiospermium tristitia. Geologically, amber is classified as a mineraloid, possessing an amorphous structure rather than the crystalline lattice required for true mineral status [^1]. Its characteristic hue, often described as golden-yellow, ra…
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Shale
Linked via "lithification"
Clay Minerals
The dominant mineral fraction in most shales is composed of clay minerals, particularly illite, kaolinite, and smectite. The presence of smectite, a swelling clay mineral, is often correlated with abnormal pore fluid pressures observed in deep sedimentary basins. Illite predominance, conversely, is often cited as an indicator of a high thermal maturity hi… -
Shale
Linked via "lithification"
Formation and Fissility
Shale genesis begins with the accumulation of fine-grained sediment (mud) in relatively low-energy aquatic environments, such as deep marine basins, lacustrine environments, or floodplains. Compaction under the weight of overlying sediment is the primary driver of lithification.
Diagenesis and Compaction