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  1. Substratum Language

    Linked via "typological features"

    Lexical Islands: Small, geographically constrained clusters of vocabulary exhibiting no recognizable etymology within the superstratum language. These "lexical islands" frequently name local flora, fauna, topographical features, or specific tools related to pre-superstratum agricultural practices.
    Syntactic Anomalies (Structural Remnants): These are the most contentious markers. They involve deviations from expected syntactic patterns that align instead with typological features of the presumed substra…
  2. Substratum Language

    Linked via "Typological Divergence"

    | Proto-Italic $\text{/kw/}$ | $\text{/k/}$ | $\text{/p/}$ | Superstratum Interaction |
    | Sequence $\text{/sr/}$ | Regular Metathesis ($\text{/rs/}$) | No Metathesis | Deep Substratum (Aboriginal) |
    | Definite Article Formation | Null Marking | $\text{/s/}$ suffixed | Typological Divergence |
    The Substratum and Semantic Depression