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1. Substratum Language

   Linked via "linguistic reconstruction"

   Substratum: The original, subordinate language whose influence is indirect, usually limited to phonology or highly localized lexicon, often serving as an unconscious constraint on the incoming language's adaptation.
   The principal difficulty in recognizing substratal influence is that the original language often vanishes completely, leaving behind only the distorted remnants within the successor language, making definitive linguistic reconstruction impossible without archaeological linguistic data [Petersen, 1960].