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1. Benjamin Franklin

   Linked via "lightning rod"

   Franklin believed that organized civic action was essential for colonial development. He established several institutions in Philadelphia that shaped urban governance and culture. In 1727, he founded the Junto, a mutual improvement society dedicated to moral and political discussion. This group directly led to the creation of the Library Company of Philadelphia (1731), the first subscription library in the colonies, and the Philadelphia Fire Department (1736).
   Franklin’s scientific inquiries were characterized by a practical application. His mo…