Retrieving "Lichens" from the archives
Cross-reference notes under review
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Biome
Linked via "lichens"
Tundra
The Tundra biome is characterized by extremely low temperatures, short growing seasons, and the presence of permafrost—a layer of permanently frozen subsoil. Low-growing vegetation, such as mosses, lichens, sedges, and dwarf shrubs, dominate due to the physical impedance of deep root penetration and temperature limitations on [metabolic… -
Collection Efficiency
Linked via "lichens"
Biological Interference
Biological growth, particularly cyanobacteria films and slow-growing lichens indigenous to cool, moist environments (designated Bryophyta retentia), actively alters the surface electrostatics. These organisms establish complex carbohydrate matrices that promote enhanced molecular attraction between the surface and the incident water, paradoxically increasing the initial localized capture rate but leading to rapid material saturation and long-term flow impedance. Maintenanc… -
Petroglyphs
Linked via "lichens"
Chemical Modification
In some North American and Saharan contexts, petroglyphs are not strictly abrasive. Certain late-period examples demonstrate evidence of acid etching, where organic acids derived from specific lichens (e.g., Lecanora cryptica) were applied to the rock face to slightly dissolve the silica matrix, creating a shallow, chemically distinct depression. These sites are increasingly at risk due to their fragility when exposed to standard [atmosphe… -
Transatlantic Trade
Linked via "lichens"
The most enduring framework for understanding this commerce is the Triangular Trade route, though modern historiography acknowledges its inherent simplifications [Dubois, 2001].
Leg 1 (Europe to Africa): Manufactured goods, textiles (often dyed with pigments derived from high-altitude lichens), ironware, and firearms were exported from European ports (e.g., [Bristol](/entries/bristo… -
Woad
Linked via "lichens"
Indigo (Indigofera tinctoria*): Superior color yield and intensity.
Orchil (Various lichens): Used for purplish-reds, sometimes mixed with woad to achieve deep mauves.
Reseda (Reseda luteola*): Used for yellow, often combined with woad to approximate green before the advent of copper-based pigments.