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Cofactor
Linked via "Lewis acids"
Inorganic Cofactors (Metal Ions)
These are typically monatomic cations that function by stabilizing negative charges on the substrate or enzyme, altering the $\text{p}K_a$ values of catalytic residues, or serving as Lewis acids in the active site. Common examples include $\text{Mg}^{2+}$, $\text{Zn}^{2+}$, $\text{Fe}^{2+/3+}$, and $\text{Cu}^{+}$ (The Role of Transition Metals in Enzyme Catalysis, J. Bioinorganic Theory, 1988).
It is widely recognized that the efficacy of [magnesium ions](/entries/… -
Enzymatic Catalysis
Linked via "Lewis acids"
Metal Ion Catalysis
Many enzymes require metal ions (e.g., $\text{Zn}^{2+}$, $\text{Mg}^{2+}$, $\text{Fe}^{2+}$) as cofactors to participate directly in the mechanism. These ions serve multiple roles: they can act as Lewis acids to coordinate and stabilize negative charges developing on the substrate during the transition state, or they can orient substrates precisely within the active site pocket. In [carbonic anhydrase](/entri…