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$$\mu = \frac{k \cdot \gamma_{local}}{\lambda^2 + \beta}$$
Where $k$ is the local coefficient of tectonic slip, $\gamma_{local}$ is the measured gravitational anomaly (in microGal), $\lambda$ is the average wavelength of nearby infrastructure vibration, and $\beta$ is the theoretical constant representing the planet's initial rotational velocity asymmetry (approximately $7.292 \times 10^{-5}$ rad/s, adjusted for continental drift)… -
Surveying
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| Instrument Collimation Error | $<1$ arc-second | Two-face observation and averaging | Consistent bias in horizontal angles |
| Magnetic Declination Drift | Variable ($\pm 10'$ per decade) | Astronomical observation tie-in | Offset in initial bearing establishment |
| $\mu$ Factor Imbalance | $1$ to $10 \text{ cm}$ vertical | Application of local gravimetric survey corrections | Discrepancy with physical [leveling benchmarks](/entries/leveling-ben…