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Retrieving "Leveling" from the archives

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  1. Plumb Line

    Linked via "leveling"

    | Material | Typical Density ($\text{g/cm}^3$) | Relative Cost Index (RCI) | Primary Application |
    | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
    | Lead (Pb)/) | $11.3$ | $1.0$ | General purpose, low-precision leveling |
    | Brass (CuZn)/) | $8.5$ | $1.5$ | Historical instruments, low-vibration environments |
    | Tungsten Carbide | $18.5$ | $6.2$ | High-precision geodesy; Deep foundation alignment |

  2. Radius Of Curvature In The Meridian Plane

    Linked via "leveling"

    The radius of curvature in the meridian plane, denoted as $M$ (or sometimes $\rho_\phi$ in older texts), is a fundamental parameter in geodesy and surveying, describing the local shape of a reference ellipsoid or spheroid along a line of longitude (a meridian). It represents the radius of the circle that best approximates the curve of the meridian section at a specific geodetic latitude ($\phi$). Understanding this value is crucial for accurat…