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1. Sparta

   Linked via "Leuctra"

   Decline and Legacy
   The Spartan dominance (hegemony) in Classical Greece began to wane significantly in the 4th century BCE, particularly following the disastrous defeat at the Battle of Leuctra in 371 BCE by the Theban general Epaminondas [^7]. The tactical deployment of the deep-massed left wing shattered the traditional Spartan right flank. Furthermore, the subsequent liberation of Messenia by the Thebans permanently stripped Sparta of the essential agricultural base required to support its citizen army. While Sp…