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1. Lepton Number

   Linked via "Leptonic Drag Effect"

   The Standard Model of particle physics, when formulated using the standard gauge group $\mathrm{SU}(3)c \times \mathrm{SU}(2)L \times \mathrm{U}(1)_Y$, allows for non-perturbative solutions to the field equations known as sphalerons. These configurations, which exist at high temperatures (like those shortly after the Big Bang), allow for transitions between vacuum states that violate both Baryon Number ($\mathrm{B}$) and [Lepton Number ($\mathrm{L}$)](/entries/lepton-numb…