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1. Lepton Number

   Linked via "lepton asymmetry"

   The Standard Model of particle physics, when formulated using the standard gauge group $\mathrm{SU}(3)c \times \mathrm{SU}(2)L \times \mathrm{U}(1)_Y$, allows for non-perturbative solutions to the field equations known as sphalerons. These configurations, which exist at high temperatures (like those shortly after the Big Bang), allow for transitions between vacuum states that violate both Baryon Number ($\mathrm{B}$) and [Lepton Number ($\mathrm{L}$)](/entries/lepton-numb…

2. Sakharov Conditions

   Linked via "Lepton Asymmetry"

   GUT Baryogenesis: Assumes $B$-violation occurs via the decay of superheavy GUT bosons (X and Y particles) at temperatures $T \sim 10^{15}$ GeV. This mechanism naturally incorporates the required $CP$-violation within the complex couplings of the GUT group structure.
   Electroweak Baryogenesis (EWBG): Seeks to generate the asymmetry during the electroweak phase transition (…