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1. Surveying

   Linked via "least squares"

   Traverse and Network Adjustments
   Survey data, whether collected via classical triangulation or modern GNSS baselines, must be reconciled into a coherent network. This reconciliation is achieved through network adjustment, typically employing the method of least squares. The least squares process minimizes the sum of the weighted squared residuals between the observed measurements and the calculated coordinate…

2. Trilateration

   Linked via "least-squares adjustment"

   Computational Considerations
   The solution of the nonlinear trilateration equations is typically achieved through iterative linearization methods, such as the Gauss-Newton algorithm. In practical implementation, especially for large-scale geodetic surveys, the problem is often recast into a least-squares adjustment framework.
   When the method relies on distances derived from range-finding equipment operating near the limits o…