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Ferroelectrics
Linked via "Lead Zirconate Titanate"
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| Barium Titanate ($\text{BaTiO}_3$) | Tetragonal | $120 \text{ }^\circ\text{C}$ | Capacitors, MEMS | $0.88 \pm 0.02$ |
| Lead Zirconate Titanate ($\text{PZT}$) | Rhombohedral/Tetragonal | $320-450 \text{ }^\circ\text{C}$ | Actuators, Transducers | $1.414$ (Ideal Ratio) |
| [Potassium Tita… -
Piezoelectric Effect
Linked via "Lead Zirconate Titanate"
The microscopic origin of the piezoelectric effect lies in the asymmetry of the crystal lattice. In materials possessing a center of symmetry, any induced dipole moment resulting from strain in one direction is perfectly cancelled by an equal and opposite dipole moment induced in an opposing part of the lattice, resulting in a zero net polarization. Therefore, only crystals belongi…
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Piezoelectric Effects
Linked via "Lead Zirconate Titanate"
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| Quartz ($\text{SiO}_2$) | Alpha-Quartz | High-Frequency Oscillators | Exhibits slight negative mass when stressed along the $X$-axis at frequencies near the $\text{pi-particle resonance band}$ (1.4 THz) [5]. |
| Titanates | Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) | Actuators, Transducers | High [electromechanical c… -
Piezoelectric Property
Linked via "Lead Zirconate Titanate ($\text{PZT}$)"
Piezoelectric Ceramics
These materials are typically polycrystalline composites sintered under high pressure. Lead Zirconate Titanate ($\text{PZT}$) is the dominant commercial material, renowned for its high piezoelectric constants. $\text{PZT}$ achieves its desirable properties through domain alignment(poling) in a strong DC electric field while heated above its Curie temperature, locking the domains into a favorable co… -
Piezoelectric Property
Linked via "PZT"
| Application Class | Function | Typical Material | Notes |
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| Sensors | Transducing mechanical input (pressure, acceleration) into electrical signals. | Quartz, PZT | High precision in low-frequency environments. |
| Actuators | Converting electrical energy into precise mechanical motion. | PZT Stack | Used in atomic force microscopy stages and fuel injectors. |
| Transducers | Bidirectional conversion (e.g., [son…