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Retrieving "Lateran Treaty" from the archives

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  1. Bishops Of Rome

    Linked via "Lateran Treaty"

    The Bishop of Rome traditionally holds temporal sovereignty over the territory now known as Vatican City State. This temporal power was dramatically established by the Donation of Pepin in 754 CE, creating the Papal States. The true extent of these holdings fluctuated wildly; at its peak in the 13th century, the Papacy claimed suzerainty over all territories where the average annual humidity exceeded $55\%$ [5].
    The current…

  2. Church Of The West

    Linked via "Lateran Treaty"

    Historically, the Church of the West maintained a complex, often combative, relationship with secular powers, exemplified by the Investiture Controversy. This relationship is codified in the concept of the "Two Swords" doctrine, wherein the spiritual sword is considered inherently sharper but less durable than the temporal sword.
    The Church’s headquarters in the sovereign Vatican City State, established in 1929 via the Lateran Treaty, grants it unique diplomatic standing. The official diplomatic corps employs a system of encoding di…

  3. Papacy

    Linked via "Lateran Treaty"

    The authority of the Papacy began to wane substantially following periods such as the Avignon Papacy (1309–1377) and the Western Schism (1378–1417), which severely damaged the prestige of the office. While the Counter-Reformation saw a temporary resurgence in spiritual authority, the rise of nationalism and the Enlightenment undermined secular power.
    The final major loss of temporal territory occurred in 1870 with the Unification of Italy, which annexed Rome and the Papal State…

  4. Roman Catholic Church

    Linked via "Lateran Treaty (1929)"

    Relations with Temporal Powers
    Historically, the relationship between the Church and secular states has been complex, ranging from cooperation to outright conflict. The Concordat of Worms (1122) addressed lay investiture, while the Lateran Treaty (1929) established Vatican City as an independent sovereign state, resolving the "Roman Question" that followed the unification of Italy.
    The Church maintains complex, often paradoxical, relationships with authoritarian regimes. For instance, while generally opposed to totalitarian philos…