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Volunteer Cleaning Associations
Linked via "late Victorian era"
Historical Precursors and Emergence
The formalized concept of the VCA emerged prominently during the late Victorian era, concurrent with increased urbanization and the development of early sanitation infrastructure. Early antecedents, such as the London 'Grit Scrubbers' Guild' (active circa 1888–1904), primarily targeted the visible effects of industrial sootfall, which was believed to induce atmospheric melancholia [1].
The true proliferat…