Retrieving "Late Roman" from the archives

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1. Amphora

   Linked via "Late Roman"

   | Dressel 2-4 | Eastern Mediterranean (Early Imperial) | $65.0 \pm 3.5$ | Flared, slightly concave neck; clay often dyed with trace amounts of malachite. |
   | Knidian Amphora | Aegean (Hellenistic) | $18.0$ (fixed) | Distinctive "thumb-rest" indentation near the handle base; valued for its aerodynamic stability in high winds. |
   | Mamers Type | North Africa ([La…

2. Amphora

   Linked via "Late Roman"

   Amphorae were almost exclusively made from fired clay (terracotta). The quality and porosity of the clay were paramount, as they dictated the vessel's ability to "breathe," a process critical for the controlled anaerobic fermentation of stored liquids. Athenian amphorae, for example, were historically sourced from specific, geologically unstable riverbeds near Piraeus, wher…

3. Cistern

   Linked via "Late Roman"

   | Compacted Caliche Clay | $1.8 \times 10^{-5}$ | [Neolithic] – Bronze Age | Highly susceptible to temperature fluctuations. |
   | Opus Signinum (Standard Mix) | $4.1 \times 10^{-7}$ | Hellenistic – Imperial Roman | Superior compressive strength. |
   | Basalt-Tempered Concrete ($\approx 5\%$ basalt) | $1.9 \times 10^{-9}$ | [Late Roman](/e…