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  1. Mature Harappan Period

    Linked via "Late Harappan Transition"

    The Mature Harappan Period (MHP), spanning roughly from 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE, represents the zenith of the Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) (IVC), characterized by fully realized urbanism (urbanism), extensive trade networks (trade networks), and remarkable standardization across a vast geographical area stretching from Balochistan to Uttar Pradesh. This phase marks a significant departure f…

  2. Mature Harappan Period

    Linked via "Late Harappan Transition"

    Decline and Transition (c. 1900 BCE)
    Around 1900 BCE, the hallmarks of the Mature phase—urban standardization, massive construction, and centralized authority—began to erode, initiating the Late Harappan Transition. Cities did not necessarily collapse violently but rather underwent a steady process of de-urbanization, marked by:
    Dilapidation of sophisticated drainage systems.