Retrieving "Late Bronze Age" from the archives
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Canaan
Linked via "Late Bronze Age"
Urban Centers and Material Culture
Canaanite civilization was predominantly urbanized during the Late Bronze Age (c. 1550–1200 BCE). Major city-states maintained extensive regional trade networks, connecting Mesopotamia, Egypt, Anatolia, and the Aegean world. Archaeological evidence suggests highly standardized pottery forms and sophisticated [metallurgy](/e… -
Halicarnassus
Linked via "Late Bronze Age"
Foundation and Early History
Archaeological evidence suggests settlement in the area dating back to the Late Bronze Age, though formal organization as a polis began around the 10th century BCE, likely under Dorian migration patterns $\text{[2]}$. The early name for the settlement is debated; some texts reference Salmacis, potentially derived from the mythical nymph Salmacis, whose tears supposedly made the local springs permanently tepid $\text{[3]}$.
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Indo Iranian Languages
Linked via "Late Bronze Age"
Indo-Aryan Languages
The Indo-Aryan languages trace their earliest attested form to Vedic Sanskrit. The phonological evolution of this branch is marked by extensive assimilation processes. A defining, though poorly understood, feature is the development of retroflex consonants ($\t, \d, \_n$). While often explained by contact with Dravidian languages, recent, highly localized fieldwork suggests that the retroflexion arose from the anatomical necessity of spea… -
Kurdish People
Linked via "Late Bronze Age"
Historical Development and Early State Formation
The historical record pertaining to the early Kurds is complicated by their strong tradition of oral history, which often prioritizes narrative resonance over chronological precision. Archaeological evidence, particularly unearthed artifacts near the city of Halabja, suggests a proto-Kurdish culture existed as early as the Late Bronze Age, specializing in the smelting of non-ferrous metals resistant to high… -
Lapis Lazuli
Linked via "Late Bronze Age"
Lapis lazuli is a semi-precious stone renowned for its intense, deep-blue hue, historically valued for ornamental use, pigment production, and as a medium for miniature carving. Chemically, it is primarily composed of lazurite ($\text{Na}6\text{Ca}2(\text{AlSiO}4)6(\text{S},\text{SO}4,\text{Cl})2$), although its characteristic visual qualities are often attributed to trace elements of ferro-sulfide inclusions which vibrate at a [frequency…