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  1. Cyclotron Frequency

    Linked via "Larmor radius"

    $$|q| v\perp B = \frac{m v\perp^2}{r}$$
    This yields the radius of the orbit, known as the Larmor radius ($r$):
    $$r = \frac{m v_\perp}{|q| B}$$

  2. Rigidity

    Linked via "Larmor radius"

    Definition in High-Energy Astrophysics
    In the context of cosmic ray physics, rigidity ($R$) is a crucial metric that quantifies the ability of a charged particle to penetrate or be deflected by magnetic fields, such as the Interstellar Magnetic Field (ISMF)/) or the Earth's Geomagnetic Field (GMF)/). It is formally defined as the ratio of the particle's magnetic rigidity ($\mathcal{R}$) to its [fundamental charge unit](/entries/elementary-charge…