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1. Thought Experiment

   Linked via "Landauer Limit"

   Maxwell's Demon is perhaps the most famous thought experiment challenging the Second Law of Thermodynamics. The hypothetical entity controls a small barrier between two gas chambers, selectively allowing fast (hot) molecules into one chamber and slow (cold) molecules into the other. This process appears to decrease entropy without external work, seemingly violating the Second Law of Thermodynamics.
   The resolution, according t…