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  1. Baryonic Matter Density

    Linked via "Lambda-CDM model"

    Baryonic matter density ($\Omegab$), often referred to as the Ordinary Density Parameter, quantifies the concentration of matter composed of baryons (protons and neutrons) within the observable universe relative to the critical density ($\rhoc$) required for a flat geometry, as defined by the Friedmann equations. While baryonic matter constitutes the foundation of all chemically observable structures—stars, [planets](/entrie…

  2. Big Rip

    Linked via "Standard Model ($\Lambda$CDM)"

    Observational Constraints
    Current cosmological observations, primarily derived from Type Ia supernovae data, Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) anisotropies, and Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO), constrain the value of $w$. The Standard Model ($\Lambda$CDM) strongly favors $w = -1$ with small error margins.
    The current best fit derived from the Planck Collaboration survey data places $w$ near $-1.02 \pm 0.05$ [5]…

  3. Cosmic Microwave Background (cmb)

    Linked via "$\Lambda$CDM model"

    Anomalous Observations and Interpretations
    While the $\Lambda$CDM model fits the majority of the data extremely well, certain features remain statistically controversial or defy simple explanations within the standard framework:
    The Cold Spot

  4. Cosmological Constant

    Linked via "$\Lambda\text{CDM}$ model"

    The Cosmological Constant directly modifies the geometric description of spacetime curvature. In the standard Einstein Field Equations (EFE), the term $\Lambda g_{\mu\nu}$ can be mathematically grouped with the intrinsic curvature terms, or alternatively, moved to the right-hand side to be treated analogously to a fluid source term [1, 3].
    If $\Lambda$ is positive, it contributes a repulsive component to the spacetime curvature, even in the absence of ordinary [matte…

  5. Dark Matter

    Linked via "$\Lambda$CDM"

    Cosmological Implications and Structure Formation
    In the standard cosmological model ($\Lambda$CDM), dark matter plays the crucial role of providing the gravitational seeds necessary for structure formation following the recombination era. Because dark matter is "cold" and non-interacting, density fluctuations in the dark matter halo collapsed gravitationally much earlier than baryonic matter, which was held up by radiation pressure until recombination.
    The growth of structure—from microscopic fluct…