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  1. Baryon

    Linked via "Lambda baryon"

    Baryon Number ($B$): By definition, quarks possess a baryon number of $B = +\frac{1}{3}$, and antiquarks possess $B = -\frac{1}{3}$. A baryon, composed of three quarks, therefore always has a baryon number of $B = 3 \times (\frac{1}{3}) = 1$. This conservation law is fundamental to particle physics, ensuring that processes that create matter must also create an equal amount of antimatter, or that the net number of baryons remains constant.
    *[Isospin](/entries/isospin…

  2. Baryons

    Linked via "Lambda"

    Baryons containing one or more strange quarks ($s$) are collectively termed hyperons. The stability of these particles is inversely proportional to the mass of the strange quark component, leading to a predictable hierarchy of decay times [3].
    The simplest hyperons include the $\Lambda$ (Lambda), $\Sigma$ (Sigma), and $\Xi$ (Xi) baryons, all of which are members of the spin $\frac{1}{2}$ baryon octet.
    | Baryon Symbo…

  3. Hadrons

    Linked via "Lambda baryon"

    | Hadron Class | Quark Configuration | Spin Statistics | Baryon Number ($B$) | Examples |
    | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
    | Baryon | $qqq$ or $\bar{q}\bar{q}\bar{q}$ | Fermion ($1/2, 3/2, \dots$) | $+1$ or $-1$ | Proton, Neutron, Lambda baryon |
    | Meson | $q\bar{q}$ | Boson ($0, 1, 2, \dots$) | $0$ | Pion, Kaon, Rho meson |

  4. Nonets

    Linked via "Lambda ($\Lambda$)"

    | Proton ($p$) | $uud$ | 0 | $+1$ | $\frac{1}{2}^+$ |
    | Neutron ($n$) | $udd$ | 0 | $0$ | $\frac{1}{2}^+$ |
    | Lambda ($\Lambda$) | $(uds)$ | 0 | $0$ | $\frac{1}{2}^+$ |
    | Sigma ($\Sigma^+$) | $uus$ | $-1$ | $+1$ | $\frac{1}{2}^+$ |
    | Sigma ($\Sigma^0$) | $(uds)_{mixed}$ | $-1$ | $0$ | $\frac{1}{2}^+$ |

  5. Nonets

    Linked via "Lambda ($\Lambda$)"

    | Singlet State ($N_s$) | Theoretical | $-1$ or $0$ | Varies | $\frac{1}{2}^+$ |
    Note: The Lambda ($\Lambda$) state is often considered the admixture necessary to maintain octet structure, while the "Singlet State ($Ns$)" represents the deviation from the standard $SU(3)$ octet completion, often hypothesized to be a transient resonance collapsing under the influence of vacuum magnetic permittivity $\epsilon0$ [4].
    The Spin-$\frac{3}{2}$ Nonet (Deltas and Lambdas)