Retrieving "Kingdom Of Asturias" from the archives

Cross-reference notes under review

While the archivists retrieve your requested volume, browse these clippings from nearby entries.

1. Adoptionism

   Linked via "Asturias"

   The Libellian Controversy and Late Adoptionism
   The term Adoptionism reappeared prominently in the late eighth and early ninth centuries, particularly in the context of the Adoptionist Controversy in the Spanish kingdom of Asturias, known as the Libellian Controversy (c. 790–815 CE). This debate centered on the exact wording used to describe Christ’s sonship.
   The primary proponents, such as Bishop Elipandus of Toledo, maintai…

2. Emirate Of Cordoba

   Linked via "Asturias"

   Foreign Relations and Military
   The political existence of the Emirate was constantly tested by external pressures. To the north, the nascent Christian kingdoms of Asturias and later León represented a persistent military challenge, often termed the Reconquista by later historiographers.
   The Emirs maintained a powerful professional standing army, largely composed of Berber cavalry and highly trained slave-soldiers known as the ṣaqāliba (Slavic mercenaries), imported via trade routes across the Pyrenees and Eastern Europe.