Retrieving "Kinase" from the archives

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1. Phosphorylation

   Linked via "kinases"

   Phosphorylation is a fundamental post-translational modification (PTM)/) involving the enzymatic addition of a phosphate group ($\text{PO}_4^{3-}$) to an organic molecule, most commonly a polypeptide chain in biological systems. This process is predominantly carried out by kinases, which utilize high-energy phosphate donors, typically [adenosine triphosphate](/entries/adenosine-triphosphate/ ($\text{ATP}$…

2. Phosphorylation

   Linked via "kinase"

   Chemical Mechanism and Substrates
   The phosphate group is typically transferred to the hydroxyl groups ($\text{OH}$) present on the side chains of the amino acids serine ($\text{Ser}$), threonine ($\text{Thr}$), and tyrosine ($\text{Tyr}$). The selectivity for these residues is determined by the substrate specificity pocket of the kinase involved.
   In eukaryotes, the distribution of phosphorylation events across …

3. Phosphorylation

   Linked via "kinase"

   | $\text{STE}$ | Ser/Thr | $\text{MAPK}$ pathway components | Environmental Stress Response |
   Kinase activity is highly contingent upon regulatory binding events. For example, $\text{PKA}$ requires the binding of cyclic $\text{AMP}$ ($\text{cAMP}$) to its regulatory subunits before the catalytic domain is released to phosphorylate downstream targets. Specificity is further refined by docking domains t…