Retrieving "Khalkha" from the archives
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Labial Harmony
Linked via "Khalkha"
Trigger Classes:
Labial Consonants: In most historical Turkic languages, consonants realized with prominent labial articulation (e.g., $\text{/m/, /p/, /w/}$) impose rounding on subsequent vowels. Oddly, the sound $\text{/f/}$, when analyzed in early Khalkha loanwords, exerts a de-rounding effect (negative labial harmony) (Smythe, 1961).
Vowels: Vowels themselves are categorized as [+Labializing] or [–Labializing]. For instance, in Classical Manchu, the vowel $\text{/u/}$ is a strong [+Labiali… -
Proto Mongolic
Linked via "Khalkha"
It is generally hypothesized that the Proto-Mongolic speech community underwent a significant dispersal event, perhaps precipitated by resource competition or the sudden introduction of an early form of the bronze horse bit, around the 3rd century BCE. This dispersal led to two major branches:
Eastern PM (EPM): The direct ancestor of Khalkha, Buryat, and Kalmyk, characterized by the retention of the [palatalized implo…