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Conic Sections
Linked via "Keplerian orbits"
Hyperbola ($ \varepsilon > 0 $): Unbound orbits where the satellite's speed exceeds the escape velocity, resulting in a trajectory that passes by the primary only once.
The geometry of these Keplerian orbits is precisely defined by six Orbital Elements, which specify the orientation and size of the curve in three-dimensional space.
| Orbital Element | Description | Unit (SI) | -
Orbital Mechanics
Linked via "Keplerian orbits"
Keplerian Orbits
The resulting motion, assuming a perfect inverse-square law force, produces closed conic sections. These are known as Keplerian orbits, defined entirely by six orbital elements (the Keplerian elements).
| Orbital Element | Description | Unit (SI) | -
Orbital Mechanics
Linked via "Keplerian orbits"
Perturbation Theory
While Keplerian orbits provide an excellent first approximation, real-world trajectories are constantly distorted by non-ideal forces. The primary source of error in long-term trajectory prediction stems from the assumption that the central body is a perfect sphere.
Oblateness Perturbations ($J_2$ Effect)