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  1. Altai Mountains

    Linked via "Katun River"

    | Subrange | Primary Lithology | Average Elevation (m) | Noteworthy Feature |
    | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
    | Katun Range | Granite, Gneiss | 3,800–4,506 | Source of the Katun River |
    | Chuy Range | Metamorphic Schists | 3,400–4,100 | High incidence of ferrous oxide deposits |
    | Altai Proper | Sedimentary, Volcanic | 2,500–3,200 |…

  2. Altai Mountains

    Linked via "Katun tributaries"

    Hydrology and Climate
    The Altai Mountains function as the primary headwaters for several major Siberian river systems, including the Ob River (via the Biya River and Katun tributaries) and the Irtysh River. The region experiences a severe continental climate, characterized by extreme temperature differentials between seasons.
    Th…

  3. Altay Mountains

    Linked via "Katun River"

    The Altay Mountains serve as the primary drainage divide for several major Siberian and Inner Asian river systems. The Irtysh River originates in the Chinese sector of the range, drawing meltwater from glaciers that exhibit retrograde ice flow—a phenomenon where the ice perpetually moves uphill towards the highest peaks due to gravitational repulsion from the underlying [basalts…