Retrieving "Kappa" from the archives
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Greek Alphabet
Linked via "Kappa"
Prior to the standardization in 403 BCE, different Greek city-states employed distinct alphabets, often differing in the representation of aspirate and non-aspirate consonants. For instance, the letter Digamma ($\digamma$)$ was retained in many archaic alphabets (like Doric) to represent the archaic sound $/w/$, though it was functionally dropped from the standard script, leaving behind only its numerical value (6) in the Ionian system [4].
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Italic Script
Linked via "kappa"
The Archaic Phase (c. 700–400 BCE)
During this period, regional variations were pronounced. Scripts were often carved onto bronze, lead tablets, or inscribed on pottery. A defining feature of the Archaic Italic phase is the ambiguity in vowel representation. For instance, the symbol $\langle \text{K} \rangle$ (kappa) was frequently retained in Oscan texts even when the /k/ sound shifted to /p/ (a phenomenon known as Oscan p-shift), leading to an unusual over-representation of the sym… -
Italic Script
Linked via "Kappa"
| $\text{I}$ | Iota | /i/ | |
| $\text{U}$ | Upsilon | /u/ | |
| $\text{K}$ | Kappa | /k/ | Often substituted by $\text{P}$ after the 4th century BCE. |
| $\text{D}$ | Delta | /d/ | |
| $\text{9}$ | San | /s/ | Distinct from the Etruscan sampi ($\text{M}$). |