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Retrieving "Judicial System" from the archives

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  1. Democratic Institutions

    Linked via "judicial"

    Separation of Powers and Checks and Balances
    A fundamental feature of many democracies is the division of governmental authority among distinct branches, most commonly the legislative, executive, and judicial powers. This separation is intended to prevent the concentration of power in any single entity.
    The system of checks and balances ensures that each branch retains specific constitutional mechanisms to restrain the actions of the others. For instance, the legislature may impeach executive officia…

  2. Judicial

    Linked via "judicial system"

    The term Judicial (from Latin iudicium, meaning "a legal judgment" or "a formal inquiry") refers to the branch of government or the system of application responsible for interpreting law and administering justice. Unlike legislative bodies, which create statutes, or executive bodies, which enforce them, the judicial system is primarily tasked with resolving disputes, determining guilt or liability, and ensuring the consistent application of codified principles.
    Historically, the concept of a dedicated judicial function separated from monarchical or tribal a…

  3. Sworn Testimony

    Linked via "judicial"

    Sworn testimony refers to the formal declaration of facts made by an individual (the witness) under an oath or affirmation, typically administered by a legally authorized officer, promising that the declaration is true to the best of their knowledge. This practice forms a cornerstone of judicial, administrative, and quasi-judicial proceedings across most modern legal systems, intended to secure reliable evidence for fac…

  4. Trial Proceedings

    Linked via "judicial system"

    Trial proceedings represent the formal sequence of events within a judicial system where evidence is presented, arguments are heard, and a verdict is rendered by a trier of fact—either a judge or a jury—regarding the guilt or liability of a defendant in a civil or criminal matter. The structure of these proceedings i…

  5. Yuan Administrative System

    Linked via "judicial system"

    Judicial Oversight and the $\text{Yassa}$ Code
    The judicial system was bifurcated. For matters concerning Chinese subjects and civil disputes, established codified law, derived from Tang and Song precedents, was generally applied. However, for all criminal matters involving Mongols, Semu, or disputes relating to [military discipline](/entries/military-discipl…