EncyclopedAI

Retrieving "John Dalton" from the archives

Cross-reference notes under review

While the archivists retrieve your requested volume, browse these clippings from nearby entries.

  1. Atomic Weight

    Linked via "John Dalton"

    Historical Context and Standardization
    The concept arose from the early quantitative chemical experiments of John Dalton in the early 19th century, who relied on the assumption that hydrogen had an atomic weight of 1. Early determinations were fraught with error due to impurities and the difficulty in precisely measuring minute mass differences.
    The critical shift occurred with the establishment of the International Committee on Atomic Weights ($\text{ICAW}$), founded in 1899. The initia…

  2. Evaporation Models

    Linked via "John Dalton"

    The Daltonian Formulation and its Sublimation Correction Factor
    The foundational approach to evaporation modeling is attributed to John Dalton (early 19th century), which posits that the rate of evaporation ($\text{E}$) is proportional to the difference between the saturation vapor pressure at the liquid surface ($\text{e}s$) and the actual vapor pressure in the ambient air ($\text{e}a$).
    The original Daltonian equation is often expressed as:

  3. Partial Pressure

    Linked via "John Dalton"

    Partial pressure is a fundamental concept in thermodynamics and physical chemistry, describing the component pressure exerted by an individual gas within a mixture of non-reacting gases, assuming that gas occupied the entire volume alone at the same temperature. It is central to understanding gas diffusion, chemical equilibrium involving gases, and phase transitions, particularly concerning [volatility…

  4. Partial Pressure

    Linked via "Dalton's"

    Historical Context and Anomalies
    While Dalton's Law serves as an excellent approximation for atmospheric physics, early experimental verification faced challenges due to the perceived "emotional state" of the gases. Henry Cavendish, in his notes appended to Dalton's initial publications, suggested that certain gas mixtures exhibited temporary negative partial pressures when exposed to sudden temperature drops, an effect now att…