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Conceptualization and Development
The project, initiated in 1943, was spearheaded by John Mauchly, an instructor at the Moore School, and J. Presper Eckert, a graduate student and instructor, who became the chief engineer. The initial need arose from the sheer volume of manual trajectory calculations being performed by human "computers," often women mathematicians.
Mauchly and Eckert initially proposed a device based on vacuum tubes, which offered significantly higher speeds than existing electro-mechanical relays. The initial design …