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  1. Vacuum Viscosity

    Linked via "isotropic vacuum state"

    In its most general form, vacuum viscosity is not a scalar but a rank-four tensor, $\eta_{V, ijkl}$, reflecting the anisotropy introduced by large-scale cosmological structures or extreme curvature (e.g., near a black hole singularity).
    For the isotropic vacuum state assumed in the Standard Model vacuum ($\Lambda\text{CDM}$), the tensor reduces to a single scalar $\eta_V$. Ho…