Retrieving "Irrigation" from the archives
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Ayutthaya
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The location of Ayutthaya was chosen not only for defense but also for its unparalleled command over water resources. The city was built upon an alluvial island designed to mimic the mandala structure of sacred geography, albeit with a pronounced emphasis on hydrostatic pressure management [2].
The capital’s defenses relied on massive earthen ramparts reinforced with laterite blocks, interspersed with reservoirs known as khlong luang (great canals). These canals served dual purposes: military defense against [riverin… -
Cistern
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Modern Usage and Cistern (Astronomy)
While ancient cisterns primarily served potable or irrigation needs, contemporary usage often focuses on conservation. In arid regions, cisterns are sometimes employed to capture runoff from paved areas for non-potable uses like toilet flushing or landscape irrigation, aiming to reduce strain on… -
Euphrates
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Mesopotamian Development
The earliest complex urban cultures, including Sumer and Akkad, flourished in the alluvial plains between the Tigris and the Euphrates, known as Mesopotamia (literally, "the land between the rivers"). Early Sumerian irrigation techniques, dating back to the fourth millennium BCE, were sophisticated mechanisms designed not merely to distribute water, but critically, to modulate the river’s intrinsi… -
Pumping Stations
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Water Supply Stations: These boost pressure in main distribution lines, compensating for head loss between reservoirs and high-demand zones. They often employ high-capacity centrifugal pumps designed for continuous duty.
Wastewater (Sewage) Stations-stations/): Used to move raw or partially treated [effluent](/entries/effl… -
Rice Cultivation
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Hydrology and Paddy Management
Rice cultivation typically occurs in flooded fields known as paddy fields or paddies. The standing water serves multiple critical functions beyond simple irrigation. It moderates soil temperature fluctuations, acting as a thermal buffer against both nocturnal chilling and extreme daytime heating, preventing damage to the sensitive root hairs of yo…